I was asked some time ago how to include a jpg file in a LaTeX document. Well, if you use pdflatex, this is simple: you just \usepackage{graphicx} and then
\includegraphics[options]{filename.jpg}
where options may be (among others) width=..., height=... (or both - but then the picture might be distorted unless you also include the keepaspectratio option; in that case, the actual width and height of the included picture may not be be both equal to the given dimensions, but they will never exceed them).
A problem arises, however, when one wants to create a dvi file instead of a pdf one. This might seem strange - does anyone still use dvi? Well, yes, and for a number of reasons.
xdvi is noticeably faster than xpdf.It turns out that the graphicx package supports dvips, but the only supported format is eps. This means that the jpg (or whatever) file must be first converted to eps (it is possible to do it automatically, but this is not trivial again…). There are many utilities which can do that; on Linux, ImageMagick is a standard one (it has a Windows version, too); GIMP can do it, too.
But there’s something more: it turns out that one may omit the extension, so that
\includegraphics[options]{filename}
works equally well. In particular, this also means that if you have both filename.jpg and filename.eps, then you may run latex or pdflatex on the same source file and everything will Just Workâ˘! But beware: what if you have, say, filename.jpg, filename.png and filename.pdf in the local directory? (The last one is especially tricky, since it might be the output file of your actual TeX job, which is currently being written - this may lead to a LaTeX error!) The answer (with pdflatex, of course) is: first a filename.png is looked for, then filename.pdf, then filename.jpg. (In fact, I’ve omitted a few more possible extensions here - see pdftex.def in your TeX distribution and look for the line containing the command \Gin@extensions.) So if you have both png and jpg, the first one will be used.
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